Language Requirements for Studying in Germany
TL;DR
- Every university course in Germany has a language requirement. Which certificate you need depends on the language of instruction, not on where you come from.
- German-taught courses typically require C1-level German, proven through one of five accepted exams such as TestDaF or DSH.
- English-taught courses typically require IELTS 6.0–7.0, TOEFL 80–100, or an equivalent certificate.
- Book your exam three to six months before the application deadline. Results take time, and retakes are not always available quickly.
- If you are not exam-ready yet, options like conditional admission, preparatory courses, or a Studienkolleg can bridge the gap.
Why Language Certificates Matter
German universities need proof that you can follow lectures, write exams, and participate in academic discussions in the language your course is taught in. A self-assessment or school transcript is not enough. You need an official, recognised certificate.
Without one, your application will not be processed. For visa applications, many consulates also ask for proof of language proficiency. So this is not just an academic requirement but a practical one that affects your entire timeline.
Not sure which courses match your language skills? Many universities offer courses in English, especially at Master's level. See English-Taught Courses in Germany for a full overview.
German-Taught Courses
The vast majority of Bachelor's courses in Germany are taught in German. To enrol, you typically need to prove German proficiency at the C1 level on the CEFR scale. If you are unfamiliar with what C1 means in practice, see German Language Levels Explained. German universities are required by law to accept five language certificates:
| Exam | Level | Where |
|---|---|---|
| TestDaF (TDN 4) | B2–C1 | 95+ countries |
| DSH-2 | C1 | German universities only |
| telc Deutsch C1 Hochschule | C1 | Language schools in Germany and abroad |
| Goethe-Zertifikat C2 | C2 | Goethe-Institut worldwide |
| DSD II | B2–C1 | Accredited German schools abroad |
TestDaF is the most popular choice for international students because it is available worldwide, accepted everywhere, and never expires. For a detailed comparison of all five exams, including costs, preparation time, and how to choose, read Proving Your German Proficiency.
The Goethe-Zertifikat C1 is not accepted by most German universities. If you go the Goethe route, you need the C2. This is one of the most common and expensive mistakes students make.
English-Taught Courses
For courses taught in English, you need an internationally recognised English language certificate. The most common options are:
- IELTS Academic: Most universities require a score between 6.0 and 7.0 overall.
- TOEFL iBT: Typical minimum scores range from 80 to 100.
- Cambridge English (C1 Advanced or C2 Proficiency): Accepted by many universities as an alternative.
Some courses also accept Duolingo English Test or PTE Academic, but these are less widely recognised. Always check the specific requirements on the admissions page of your target university.
For a closer look at IELTS scores, preparation tips, and what universities actually expect, read IELTS Test for German Universities.
Even if your course is in English, learning some German will make daily life, bureaucracy, and job opportunities much easier. Many universities offer free German courses alongside your studies.
When to Take Your Exam
Timing matters more than most students realise. Here is a practical planning guide:
- TestDaF is offered six times a year. Results take about six weeks. Test dates fill up fast, so register early.
- DSH exams are run by individual universities, usually once or twice before each semester. Check dates directly with your target university.
- IELTS and TOEFL are available year-round in most countries, with results available within two weeks.
Aim to have your result ready at least two to three months before the application deadline. This gives you time to retake the exam if your score is not high enough.
For German proficiency exams, reaching C1 from zero takes roughly 750 to 1,150 hours of study. That is 12 to 18 months of intensive learning. Start as early as possible.
Not Ready Yet?
If your language skills are not at the required level when you apply, you still have options.
Conditional admission is offered by some universities, especially for Master's courses. You receive an offer on the condition that you submit your certificate before enrolment begins. This varies by university, so check early.
Studienkolleg is a one-year preparatory course at a German university. It brings your German up to C1 while also preparing you academically for your chosen field. Entry typically requires B1 or B2. Read What Is Studienkolleg for a complete overview.
University language courses are offered by many German universities for free or at low cost. These are ideal if you are already enrolled in an English-taught course and want to build your German alongside your studies.
Language course visa allows non-EU students to study German in Germany for up to 12 months, provided the course is intensive with at least 18 hours per week. Note that this visa type cannot be converted into a student visa. You would need to return home and apply for a student visa separately.
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FAQ
Do I need German if my course is taught in English?
No. English-taught courses require English proficiency, not German. However, learning some German is strongly recommended for daily life, dealing with authorities, and improving your job prospects after graduation.
Can I submit my certificate after the application deadline?
Some universities allow conditional admission and let you submit the certificate before enrolment. This is not guaranteed and varies by institution. If you need a visa, you may also need proof of language proficiency for the visa application.
Do language certificates expire?
The five accepted German certificates (TestDaF, DSH, telc C1 Hochschule, Goethe C2, DSD II) are valid indefinitely. IELTS and TOEFL scores are typically valid for two years. Some universities may prefer recent results regardless, so check with your target institution.
What if I speak German but have no certificate?
You still need an official certificate. Universities cannot accept self-assessments or informal proof. The only common exemptions are for holders of a German Abitur, graduates of German-medium schools, or those who completed a German-taught degree at an accredited university.
Is TestDaF easier than DSH?
They test similar levels but in different formats. TestDaF is standardised and always follows the same structure, which many students find more predictable. DSH varies by university and includes more free-form writing. For a detailed comparison, see Proving Your German Proficiency.
Which exam should I take if I am outside Germany?
TestDaF is the most practical choice. It is available in over 95 countries and accepted by every German university. The Goethe-Zertifikat C2 is also available worldwide through Goethe-Institut locations, but it tests a higher level and requires more preparation.
